新型氣體離心密封的試驗研究
針對密封氣體時普通離心密封出現(xiàn)的問題,提出了一種帶有連續(xù)注排密封液結(jié)構(gòu)的離心密封裝置,介紹了該密封的工作原理及其特點。設(shè)計并研制了離心密封試驗樣機,測量并采集了密封介質(zhì)壓力、密封液流量、溫度等密封性能參數(shù),研究了性能參數(shù)隨主軸轉(zhuǎn)速以及密封液注入壓力的變化規(guī)律。研究表明,新型離心密封適用于高轉(zhuǎn)速下密封氣體的場合,而且轉(zhuǎn)速越高,可以密封的介質(zhì)的壓力越高,但攪拌熱也越大;而增加密封液注入壓力,有利于增大密封液流量,帶走更多的攪拌熱量。
關(guān)鍵詞:離心密封;氣液兩相流;試驗研究
Abstract: Based on the problems of the common centrifugal seal for sealing gas,a structural configuration of the new-type centrifugal seal device with continuous injection and elimination of the sealing fluid is proposed,and the operating principle and feature of the seal is established.The experimental equipment of the centrifugal seal are designed and manufactured.The parameters,including the pressure of the sealing medium,the flow rate and the temperature of the sealing fluid,are measured and collected.The changing regularity of the performance parameter with the spindle speed and the injection pressure of the sealing fluid is considered.The research shows that the new type centrifugal seal is suit for the condition of gas seal at high speed.The higher the speed is,the higher sealing pressure of the medium is and the greater the heat of stirring is.The flow of the sealing fluid is increased and the heat of stirring is carried away by increasing the pressure of the injection sealing fluid.
Keywords: centrifugal seal;gas liquid two phase flow;experimental research
基金項目: 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費項目(ZZ1010)
離心密封是利用回轉(zhuǎn)體帶動液體旋轉(zhuǎn)使之產(chǎn)生徑向離心壓力以克服泄漏的裝置,在密封氣體時,由密封液產(chǎn)生的離心壓力形成一液體屏障以密封氣體[1]。當(dāng)離心密封用于氣體密封時,主要存在兩個問題,一是當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速降低或停車時,密封能力喪失,需考慮停車密封[2]; 二是密封液在較小的間隙下高速旋轉(zhuǎn),會產(chǎn)生大量的攪拌熱[3],導(dǎo)致密封液的溫度升高甚至汽化。
目前國內(nèi)外對于密封液體用的離心密封研究較多,且主要集中在基于現(xiàn)有半經(jīng)驗公式的工程設(shè)計和改造上[4 ~ 6],但是,對用于氣體工況下的離心密封研究較少。國內(nèi)僅停留在工程技術(shù)改造上,并未提出一種完整的用于密封氣體的離心密封結(jié)構(gòu)[7]; 國外學(xué)者對氣體離心密封開展了一些工作[8],但僅涉及內(nèi)部流場的研究,沒有考慮溫度的影響,也未能給出各個操作參數(shù)對密封性能的影響。
針對以上問題,本文提出一種具有連續(xù)注排密封液結(jié)構(gòu)的離心密封裝置。該裝置通過不斷更新密封液,可以有效地帶走工作時產(chǎn)生的攪拌熱;同時配置了氣控滑閥式端面密封,保證了離心密封低速運轉(zhuǎn)或停車時的密封性能。為了驗證密封的有效性,設(shè)計并研制了雙端面離心密封試驗樣機及氣液控制系統(tǒng),測量了密封液流量、溫度等主要性能參數(shù),分析了主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、密封液注入壓力等操作參數(shù)對密封性能的影響,為今后離心密封的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供了指導(dǎo)。
新型氣體離心密封已成功應(yīng)用于高轉(zhuǎn)速下密封氣體的場合,并且轉(zhuǎn)速越高,密封能力越強,但過高的轉(zhuǎn)速會導(dǎo)致流經(jīng)腔體的密封液流量減小,密封液溫度升高,影響密封的使用; 而通過改變密封液出口位置和增加密封液注入壓力的方式,可以起到加大密封液的流量,提高冷卻效果的作用。
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